George Town, in particular, has become the centre of medical tourism within Malaysia, attracting approximately half of the nation's medical tourist arrivals in 2013 and generating about 70% of the country's medical tourism revenue. 44,003. [276], The Penang state government also publishes its own multi-lingual newspaper, Buletin Mutiara, which is distributed for free every fortnight. Penang Island maps NeighborhoodScout reveals the truth about every Neighborhood in the U.S., address-by-address. [263][266], Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) is the premier public university within Penang. [82] Meanwhile, the Port of Penang was put to use as a major submarine base by the Axis Powers. [58] In 1826, Penang, Singapore and Malacca were incorporated into the Straits Settlements, with George Town as the capital. [116][117], In Seberang Perai, the Penang Bird Park, established in 1988 in Seberang Jaya, was the first aviary in Malaysia.[118]. Its capital city, George Town, is located at the northeastern tip of Penang Island. Both the mayor of Penang Island and Seberang Perai are appointed by the Penang state government for a two-year term, while the councillors are appointed for one-year terms of office. 4.2%. Malaysia 2020 population is estimated at 32,365,999 people at mid year according to UN data. The state opposition is formed by the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, which holds two seats, and the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), which occupies one seat. [125], The Penang state government has its own executive council and legislature, but they have relatively limited powers in comparison with those of the Malaysian federal government. [202] Jewellery from Penang is exported to over 20 foreign markets, including Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan, Canada and the United States. In particular, Penang is well known for its distinctive Hokkien language, known as Penang Hokkien. [132], A total of 24 countries have either established their consulates or appointed honorary consuls within Penang. [3] The second smallest Malaysian state by land mass, Penang, is bordered by Kedah to the north and the east, and Perak to the south. As of 2020[update], Greater Penang had nearly 2.67 million residents. [133] The State of Penang has also ratified a sister state agreement with Japan's Kanagawa Prefecture and a friendship state agreement with China's Hainan Province. [17] The State of Penang is also referred to as the Pearl of the Orient and "The Island of Pearls" (in Malay: Pulau Mutiara). [124], Penang, being a former British crown colony, is one of only four Malaysian states without hereditary monarchies. ", "The good, bad and ugly of street artist Ernest Zacharevic's murals", "Balik Pulau a canvas for street artist Volchkova", "A Butterworth art scene? [203][204], Penang also has a vibrant retail sub-sector, which employs as many as 24% of Penang's workforce. The state's total population is currently estimated at 1.6 million. [37][34][36] In exchange for the acquisition, the annual payment to the Sultan of Kedah was increased to 10,000 Spanish dollars per annum. POPULATION BY STATE. In 1807, a Royal Charter was granted to Penang which provided for the establishment of a Supreme Court. [312], Water supply, which comes under the jurisdiction of the Penang state government, is wholly managed by the Penang Water Supply Corporation (PBAPP). [18][19], Penang Island was originally known by native seafarers as Pulau Ka-Satu, meaning The First Island, because it was the largest island encountered on the trading sea-route between Lingga and Kedah. They are connected by Malaysia's two longest road bridges, the Penang Bridge and the Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge; the latter is also the second longest oversea bridge in Southeast Asia. [31][32] Light subsequently landed in Kedah, which was by then a Siamese vassal state. Established in 1816, Penang Free School is the oldest English school in Southeast Asia, while numerous public schools originally founded during the colonial era in Penang include St. Xavier's Institution, St. George's Girls' School and Methodist Boys' School. [80] The period of Japanese occupation was renowned for the Imperial Japanese Army's massacres of Penang's Chinese populace, known as Sook Ching to the locals. Penang: George Town: 1,520,143 1,048 1451 P 04 Penang PNG MY-07 MY09 Sabah: Kota Kinabalu . The city's UNESCO World Heritage Site also covers several important landmarks, including the City Hall, the Penang High Court, St. George's Church, the Eastern & Oriental Hotel and the Central Business District at Beach Street. [267] The main campus is situated at Gelugor, while an engineering campus has been built in Nibong Tebal. Nation. In the 1770s, Francis Light was instructed by the British East India Company to form trade relations in the Malay Peninsula. Penang is one of the states which did not dissolve simultaneously with Dewan Rakyat on 10 October 2022. [9][165], Major languages spoken in Penang are Malay, English, Hokkien, Mandarin, and Tamil. The Penang State Executive Council is the executive authority of the Penang state government, similar in function to the national Cabinet. [102] In contrast, much of the western coast of Penang Island has seen little development beyond a few scattered fishing villages, and is dominated by mangrove swamps. [129] The local councils are responsible, among others, for regulating traffic and parking, maintaining cleanliness and drainage, managing waste disposal, issuing business licenses, and overseeing public health. Most of the international banks still retain their offices at Beach Street, which also serves as the city's main Central Business District. The lands and district office in each district deals with land administration and revenue; thus it differs from the local governments (city council) which oversee the provision and maintenance of urban infrastructure. [187], Economic sectors in Penang by GDP share (2017)[16], In spite of its tiny size, Penang, regarded as the Silicon Valley of the East, has one of the largest economies in Malaysia, contributing as much as RM7 billion of the country's tax income in 2015. Meanwhile, the topography of Seberang Perai is mostly flat, save for a few hills such as Bukit Mertajam.[103]. During the Japanese occupation period from 19 December 1941 until 2 September 1945, the Imperial Army used Penang Chinese Recreation Club at Burmah Road in George Town as radio station to transmit propaganda and renamed the station as Penang Hoso Kyoku (Penang Broadcasting Corporation). [202] Penang's gold and jewellery industry is relatively well-established, dating back to the founding of the Penang Goldsmith Association in 1832. Submitted to the Penang State Government by Penang Institute 10 Brown Road, 10350 Penang TEL: (04) 228 3306 FAX: (04) 226 7042 E-mail:
[email protected] Website: www.penanginstitute.org . [199] However, the committee's attempt to avert Penang's merger with Malaya ultimately petered out due to British disapproval.[11][89][90]. [224], In recent years, George Town has received numerous international accolades. Aside from the regular Malayan Railway services, the Butterworth railway station is the southernmost terminus of the State Railway of Thailand's Southern Line and the International Express from Bangkok. [123] Greater Penang also generated a GDP of US$13,596,418 in 2010, making the conurbation one of the biggest contributors of Malaysia's GDP. The sampling elements were conducted according to the . [40][41] Light took formal possession of the island on 11 August "in the name of His Britannic Majesty, King George III and the Honourable East India Company". At the 2010 census the population was 221, down from 353 in 2000. . Spanning 24km (15mi), the Second Penang Bridge is located further south, linking Batu Maung on the island to Batu Kawan on the mainland. [11] Today, it has become one of Malaysia's most vital economic powerhouses. The three states with the highest population composition in 2022 are Selangor (21.6%), followed by Johor (12.3%) and Sabah (10.4%). It has two parts: Penang Island, where the capital city, George Town, is located, and Seberang Perai on the Malay Peninsula. At the strait's narrowest section, George Town on the island is separated from Butterworth on the mainland by a mere 3km (1.9mi). With a mix of these cultures, the food is touted to be the best in all of Southeast Asia. Penang has also hosted the 2018 Asia Pacific Masters Games, the first edition of a Masters Games within Asia. Penang is unique among Malaysian states in that no single religion commands an absolute majority among the populace. [78]World War II led to unparallelled social and political upheaval. [15][16], The name Penang comes from the modern Malay name Pulau Pinang which means "areca nut island". There are also four Magistrates Courts and two Sessions Courts scattered throughout the state. Penangite Chinese 3 languages Penangite Chinese are ethnic Chinese Malaysians of full or partial Chinese ancestry who either hail from or live within the State of Penang. The added total . It slipped to 1.74 million last year and this year, the Statistics Department forecast it at 1.7386 million, representing a 0.1% shrinkage. The city's first tram system, originally powered by steam, began operations in the 1880s. [44][172], As in the rest of Malaysia, Malay is currently the official language in Penang. To this day, Penang remains the only Malaysian state where the position of the head of government has been continuously held by an ethnic Chinese since the nation's independence in 1957.[91]. The now separate Crown Colony of Penang was consequently merged into the Malayan Union, which was then replaced by the Federation of Malaya in 1948. Penang was placed under a military administration until 1946. Penang's average annual population growth rates between 1991 and 2000, and 2001 to 2010 were 2.37% and 3.05% respectively. [250], Other museums in the city focus on religious and cultural aspects, as well as famous personalities, including the Penang Islamic Museum, Sun Yat-sen Museum, Batik Painting Museum, and Universiti Sains Malaysia Museum and Gallery. Graduates of RUMC are conferred degrees awarded and recognised by the National University of Ireland. Out of the 37 PH seats, 19 are retained by the Democratic Action Party (DAP), 14 by the People's Justice Party (PKR), two by the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (Bersatu) and two by the National Trust Party (Amanah). Penang is a multicultural island with about 60% of its inhabitants being Chinese, 32% Malays, and 7% Indian. World Asia South-Eastern Asia Malaysia Malaysia Population (LIVE) retrieving data. Living in same house 1 year ago, percent of persons age 1 year+, 2017-2021. [216][217], Finance and its related activities, such as insurance, auditing and real estate transactions, accounted for more than 8% of Penang's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as of 2017[update]. [1], Penang is the 8th most populated state in Malaysia. Until recently Penang was the only Malaysian state with an ethnic Chinese majority. [citation needed], Since the 1990s, Northam Road, along with Gurney Drive, has also emerged as the George Town's second Central Business District. [234][235][236], Moreover, Penang hosts several major festivals in any given year. [221], Unlike other Malaysian states, Penang does not rely only on air transportation for tourist arrivals. [244] Dewan Sri Pinang and Penangpac within Straits Quay are two of the major performing venues in the city. [230][256][257] According to Time Magazine in 2004, "nowhere else can such great tasting food be so cheap," whilst Robin Barton of the Lonely Planet described George Town as the culinary epicentre of the many cultures that arrived after it was set up as a trading port in 1786, from Malays to Indians, Acehenese to Chinese, Burmese to Thais. [citation needed], The SPICE Arena in Bayan Baru is another major sporting venue within Penang, consisting of an indoor arena and an aquatics centre. In terms of natural resources relative to its population, Penang is the least favorably endowed of all states of Malaysia. In addition, Penang is one of the most urbanised Malaysian states, with an urbanisation level of 90.8% as of 2015[update]. [60][71] More investments were also made on health care and public transportation. [134][135] In addition, George Town is twinned with eight sister cities and five friendship cities, while Seberang Perai has four sister cities. [269] The latter, launched by the Penang state government in 2016, is the first digital library in Malaysia. [239], Bangsawan, which was also developed in Penang, is a type of Malay theatre that incorporates Indian, Western, Islamic, Chinese and Indonesian influences. 142 households, and 103 families residing in the town. The British covertly evacuated Penang's European populace; historians have since contended that the moral collapse of British rule in Southeast Asia came not at Singapore, but at Penang. Penang Sentral's location, adjacent to the Sultan Abdul Halim Ferry Terminal and the Butterworth railway station, allows it to function as a termini for public and interstate buses, ferry and train services. [318] Penang is also the first Malaysian state to provide its citizens with free internet connection. Today, RTM Penang state branch operates one radio channel - Mutiara FM. [31][33], It was only in 1786 when the British East India Company finally ordered Light to obtain the island from Kedah. Since 2008, Penang's state government and local municipal councils have been controlled by the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a center-left political party. [315], In 1904, George Town became the first city within British Malaya to be supplied with electricity, upon the completion of a hydroelectric scheme. The world economy is estimated to have contracted by 3.5% that year, after being hit by waves of coronavirus (IMF, 2021). [277] The Penang-centric newspaper focuses on the current issues within Penang. Aside from the three main races, the Malays, Chinese, and Indians, Penang is home to significant Eurasian, Siamese and expatriate communities. [53] Simultaneously, spices were harvested on the island, turning it into a regional centre for spice production. [4] It has among the nation's highest population densities and is one of the country's most urbanised states. The idea of the absorption of Penang into the vast Malay heartland initially proved unpopular amongst Penangites. [299], The airport is also a hub for two Malaysian low-cost carriers - AirAsia and Firefly. [166] 2021 estimates from Malaysia's Department of Statistics showed that the Bumiputeras constituted more than 45% of Penang's population, whereas the Chinese made up another 45%. However, the population growth also led to social problems, such as inadequate sanitation and public health facilities, as well as rampant crime, with the latter culminating in the Penang Riots of 1867. [211] In 2017, Penang hosted 2,511 business events with an estimated economic impact of RM1.002 billion. [60][61] Towards the end of the 19th century, it became a major tin-exporting harbour. [31][38] Light negotiated with the new Sultan of Kedah, Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah, regarding the cession of the island to the British East India Company in exchange for British military aid. The head of state of Penang is the Governor (Malay: Yang di-Pertua Negeri), who is appointed by the King of Malaysia (Malay: Yang di-Pertuan Agong). According to Census 2020, Approximately 63.5% of the population follows Islam. Following the 2018 State Election, the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition commands a supermajority in the legislature by controlling 37 seats. [50] Despite claims by Sanusi, there was never a lease agreement between Kedah and Penang. [131] The legal establishment in Penang was progressively extended to the whole of Malaya by 1951. Penang: Population and Demographics Overall trend Age distribution Population by ethnic Population by district Fertility rate Migration Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia. [270], Health care in Penang is adequately provided by the numerous public and private hospitals throughout the state. In 2007, 200 multinational corporations had large scale operations in Penang, making it . Bon Odori is celebrated yearly by the Japanese in George Town, while St. Patrick's Day and Oktoberfest, traditionally celebrated by the Irish and the Germans respectively, have also been gaining popularity amongst the locals. Uzir Mahidin meet His Majesty on the execution briefing of the Population and Housing Census Malaysia 2020. Other Minang merchants, Datuk Jannaton and Datuk Maharaja Setia who came in 1749, establish Batu Uban area. Aside from the Penang International Airport, Swettenham Pier, conveniently located within the heart of George Town, has emerged as one of the major tourist entry points into the state. [41][63] Meanwhile, other towns, including Bayan Lepas on the island, and Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam in Province Wellesley, emerged due to agricultural and logistical developments. [42][43], Unbeknownst to Sultan Abdullah, Light had been acting without the authority or the consent of his superiors in India. [198][208], In addition to these, a startup community has been growing within Penang, including the likes of Piktochart and DeliverEat. 6 report categories, 600+ data elements, predictive analytics. The city is the capital of the state of Penang. The nation's first newspaper was founded in the city the Prince of Wales Island Gazette in 1806. [231], Meanwhile, Swettenham Pier, situated in the heart of George Town, is the sole Port facility on Penang Island. estimated population of 827 000, of which some 486 750 lived on the island (Table 1). [101] With a height of 833m (2,733ft), Penang Hill, at the centre of the island, is the tallest point within Penang. [77][78] One hundred and forty-seven French and Russian sailors perished during the battle. [81] Women in Penang were also coerced to work as comfort women by the Japanese. [93] The zone, regarded by many as the Silicon Valley of the East, proved instrumental in reversing Penang's economic slump and led to the state's rapid economic growth until the late 1990s. Moreover, the dissolution of the Penang State Legislative Assembly, typically conducted prior to a State Election, requires the consent of the governor of Penang. [114] Two of the major parks within George Town - the Penang Botanical Gardens and the City Park - are situated near the hills. [127] Consisting of 42 articles, the constitution pertains to the proceedings and powers of the state government. ", "Penang to launch another free bus service next month", "Keeping folk in the know - Community | The Star Online", "More rail access for Penang - Nation | The Star Online", "Trams making comeback under RM27bil Penang plan", "Penang eyeing July approval for LRT; project to begin 2017", "Penang master transport plan partner gets six-month extension", "Penang LRT project to begin next year | New Straits Times", "Making George Town more walkable, one street at a time", "Penang streetscapes to be more pedestrian friendly, says exco", "Penang tourism: Promoting cycle lanes in urban heritage areas", "Pedal power can set a new benchmark of liveability in Penang", "Handy Penang airport information from Skyscanner", "Is Penang's tourism on the right track? 2.39. With a total land area of just 1,048km2 (405sqmi), Penang is the second smallest state in Malaysia by area after Perlis. [199] As the main shopping destination in northern Malaysia, Penang is home to several shopping malls, such as Gurney Plaza, Gurney Paragon, 1st Avenue Mall, Straits Quay, Queensbay Mall and Design Village and other shopping centre in Mainland and Island (Penang). [200] The major local firms currently operating in Perai, including Malayan Sugar, Malayawata Steel, Southern Steel, Harvik Rubber and Soon Soon Oilmills, have been joined by multinational companies, such as Mattel, Pensonic, Hitachi, Mitsuoka, Chevron and Honeywell Aerospace. The State of Penang, one of the most developed and urbanised Malaysian states, is located at the nation's northwest coast along the Malacca Strait. [citation needed] The Penang state government has recently drawn up plans to bring in more rail-based transport systems throughout Penang, as part of the Penang Transport Master Plan. The state enjoys the lowest domestic water tariff in Malaysia, at RM0.32 per 1,000 litres. From a small settlement at the northeastern tip of Penang Island, George Town has expanded over the centuries, particularly in the northwestern, western and southern directions, eventually linking up with Bayan Lepas at the island's southeast and urbanising the entire eastern coast of the island. Once the site of a leper asylum built in 1868, which was later converted into a maximum-security penitentiary, Jerejak Island remains heavily forested. [313] Penang's water supply is obtained from several sources, namely the Air Itam Dam, Teluk Bahang Dam, Mengkuang Dam, Bukit Panchor Dam, Berapit Dam, Cherok Tok Kun Dam, the Guillemard Reservoir, the Penang Botanic Gardens and the Muda River. These hospitals have also helped Penang to emerge as the centre of Medical tourism in Malaysia. The Cherok Tok Kun megalith in Bukit Mertajam, uncovered in 1845, contains Pali inscriptions, indicating that the Hindu-Buddhist Bujang Valley civilisation based in what is now Kedah had established control over parts of Seberang Perai by the 6th century. [308] George Town is also home to Malaysia's oldest equestrian centre, the Penang Turf Club, which was established in 1864. The Northeast Penang Island District is further divided into seven mukims. [131] Sir Edmond Stanley assumed office as the First Recorder of the Supreme Court in 1808, thus serving as the first Superior Court Judge in British Malaya. [196], Penang's economic growth, particularly since 2008, was described by Bloomberg as Malaysia's "biggest economic success", despite the federal government's focus on other states such as Johor and Sarawak. The major rivers within Penang include the Pinang, Perai, Muda and Kerian rivers. [136][137], Source of interstate immigrants to Penang in 2016[161], Penang, with an estimated population of 1,774,400 as of 2021[update], has the 3rd highest population density of all Malaysian states (excluding Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya), at 1,774.4/km2 (4,596/sqmi). In Seberang Perai, the major ring roads and expressways include the Butterworth Outer Ring Road (BORR) and the ButterworthKulim Expressway. [99], Fort Cornwallis, in George Town, was the first structure built by the British in Penang. [88] Economic and ethnic concerns led to the formation of the Penang Secessionist Committee in 1948. [citation needed], The history of Penang radio broadcasting began in 1925 when the Penang Wireless Association was established. By comparison, the state with the lowest population growth at the start of 2023 was West Virginia, whose population shrank by 0.33%. [177] Originally a variant of the Minnan language, Penang Hokkien has absorbed numerous loanwords from Malay and English, yet another legacy of the Peranakan culture. [301], Occasionally, the Port of Penang hosts warships as well, including those from Singapore, the United States and most recently, China. Construction was expected to commence in June 2020. Culturally it's a mind-blowing place to live. The current population of Malaysia is 33,562,022 as of Wednesday, May 24, 2023, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data. [99] The city of George Town along with Malacca City was confirmed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011. [283], Buses now form the backbone of public transportation within Penang. Penang's population is almost equally distributed between the island and the mainland. [73][94] Penang's economy slowed down in the early 2000s, while the deteriorating state of affairs in general, including an incoherent urban planning policy, poor traffic management and the dilapidation of George Town's heritage buildings due to the repeal of the Rent Control Act in 2001, led to simmering discontent within Penang's society.[39][94][95]. The Greater Penang Conurbation, which also covers parts of neighbouring Kedah and Perak, is one of the largest metropolitan areas in the nation, with almost 2.833 million inhabitants as of 2020[update]. [59], Even so, the Port of Penang retained its importance as a vital British entrept. [239] A yearly Chingay parade is held in the city every December, though Chingay performances are also a common feature of Chinese festivities and major state celebrations in Penang. [171][178][179] Greater emphasis has been placed on preserving the language's relevance in the face of the increasing influence of Mandarin and English among the youth.[180][181]. State in Malaysia Subdivision The population development in Pulau Pinang as well as related information and services (Wikipedia, Google, images). Its real GDP per capita expanded at about 4% annually from 2015 to 2018, amounting to approximately RM52,000 in 2018, up from RM46,000 in 2015. . With a population of 1.77 million Penang is the leader in manufacturing activities and the growth centre for northern Malaysia. [173], Tamil is the most widely spoken language amongst Penang's Indian community. [16], George Town was once the nucleus of Malaysia's print press. [242], Aside from these, the state has orchestras based in George Town, the Penang Philharmonic Orchestra, Penang Symphony Orchestra, as well as several chamber and musical organisations, including the[243] award-winning social enterprise, The Rondo Production . Opened in 1923, it is also the sole funicular railway system in Malaysia. [237][238], George Town is the birthplace of a unique form of the Chingay procession. Founded as a private medical school in 1996, RUMC gained university status in 2018 and is the only Irish university branch campus in Malaysia. [130], The Malaysian legal system had its roots in 19th-century George Town. Cities [ edit] Penang Island [ edit] Map of Penang (click through to enlarge) George Town the capital city of Penang and is a favourite spot for visitors as it has many attractive pre-Second World War houses and shophouses, as well as 19th century churches, temples, mosques, and colonial buildings. Amendments to Penang's Constitution require the support of two-thirds of the Penang State Legislative Assembly.[127]. It is led by the Chief Minister, who serves as the head of government in Penang. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000. During Lim's tenure, a number of major infrastructural projects were also undertaken, chiefly the Penang Bridge, the first road link between Penang Island and the Malay Peninsula. In 1805, Penang became a separate presidency of British India, sharing similar status with Bombay and Madras. While news programmes were produced in Singapore, the state branch in Penang produces regional programmings for the radio station. [48] Province Wellesley was then gradually expanded up to its present-day boundaries in 1874. [citation needed], Aside from the colonial era architecture, Penang Island contains most of the skyscrapers within Penang, with the state's tallest buildings all located within the island. At the time of writing, six ferries ply the Penang Strait between George Town and Butterworth daily. The historical core of George Town has been inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its unique architectural and cultural townscape without parallel anywhere in East and Southeast Asia. YBhg. The recovery has been slow, challenging and uncertain. [251] Besides that, the birthplace of Malaysia's legendary singer-actor, P. Ramlee, has been restored and turned into a museum[252], In recent years, private-run museums have sprung up throughout the city, such as the Camera Museum and the Penang Toy Museum. [274], In 2011, the then Chief Minister of Penang, Lim Guan Eng, launched the Penang edition of Time Out. The state leader of the majority party in DUN is usually appointed Chief . [citation needed], The NorthSouth Expressway, a 966km-long (600mi) expressway along the western part of Peninsular Malaysia, passes through Seberang Perai. States, Territories & Urban Areas. The unicameral 40-seat Penang State Legislative Assembly, whose members are called State Assemblymen, convenes at the neoclassical Penang State Assembly Building in George Town. [171], Under British rule, English was the official language in Penang. As of 2017[update], Penang attracted nearly 8.6 million tourists, with the airport posting a record 7.2 million passenger arrivals and the pier registering another 1.35 million tourist arrivals. [215] Northam Road, in particular, hosts an array of financial services, including the Malaysian Employees Provident Fund, as well as accounting, auditing and insurance offices. Its population stood at nearly 1.767 million as of 2018 [update], while its population density was as high as 1,684/km 2 (4,360/sq mi).
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